Drone com asa de morcego muda aerodinâmica em voo

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A equipe já está trabalhando em um protótipo com os requisitos necessários para colocação do drone com asas de morcego no mercado. [Imagem: EPSRC]

Asas metamórficas

Asas de membranas, totalmente flexíveis e que funcionam como músculos artificiais, foram testadas com sucesso em voo, abrindo o caminho para uma nova geração de microveículos aéreos não-tripulados.

Com melhores propriedades aerodinâmicas, esses pequenos drones podem voar por distâncias maiores e se tornarem mais baratos, ampliando sua utilização.

Inspiradas nas asas de morcegos e sem qualquer parte mecânica, as asas mudam de formato em resposta às forças que encontram.

Essas asas morfológicas são feitas com polímeros eletroativos, um tipo de músculo artificial que torna a membrana capaz de endurecer e amolecer em resposta a uma tensão elétrica.

Alterando a tensão de entrada, a forma da membrana se altera, o que permite alterar as características aerodinâmicas das asas durante o voo.

Da simulação ao mercado

“Ninguém antes tentou simular o comportamento em voo de asas similares às de morcego, então tivemos que voltar aos fundamentos, desenvolver os modelos matemáticos e construir o software de simulação multifísica que precisávamos a partir do zero. Nós tivemos que ter certeza que ele poderia modelar não só as próprias asas, mas também os fluxos aerodinâmicos em torno delas e o efeito do campo elétrico,” disse o professor Rafael Palacios, do Imperial College de Londres.

Coube ao seu colega Stefano Buoso, da Universidade de Southampton, fazer a parte prática, incorporando os resultados das simulações em um pequeno drone de teste com 50 centímetros de envergadura.

O microavião foi projetado para voar sobre a superfície do mar, onde poderia pousar com segurança se algo desse errado. Mas deu tudo certo, conforme as previsões do simulador.

“Esta é uma mudança de paradigma na abordagem do design de MAVs [Micro Air Vehicles]. Em vez da abordagem tradicional de reduzir o projeto das aeronaves já existentes, estamos constantemente mudando a forma da membrana sob diferentes condições de vento para otimizar seu desempenho aerodinâmico,” disse Palacios.

A equipe já está trabalhando em um protótipo com os requisitos necessários para colocação do drone com asas de morcego no mercado. (Inovação Tecnológica)

Bibliografia:

Electro-aeromechanical modelling of actuated membrane wings
Stefano Buoso, Rafael Palacios
Journal of Fluids and Structures
Vol.: 58, October 2015, Pages 188-202

Viscoelastic Effects in the Aeromechanics of Actuated Elastomeric Membrane Wings
Stefano Buoso, Rafael Palacios
Journal of Fluids and Structures
Vol.: Accepted Paper
DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluidstructs.2015.08.010

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